Mechanism of action of azelaic acid on rosacea
Rosacea, a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, affects the skin health of a large number of people. Azelaic acid, as an active ingredient in the treatment of rosacea, has attracted much attention to its mechanism of action.

Azelaic acid has antibacterial properties. It is able to inhibit key microorganisms associated with the pathogenesis of rosacea, such as Demodex folliculus and Propionibacterium acne. By reducing the number of these microorganisms, azelaic acid reduces the inflammatory response triggered by them. For example, in the skin, azelaic acid can directly act on the metabolic process of microorganisms, interfering with their survival and reproduction, thereby reducing the inflammatory stimulation caused by the presence of microorganisms.

At the same time, azelaic acid has an important regulatory effect on inflammatory pathways. It can inhibit the production and release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). When the skin is in an inflammatory state, these cytokines will be released in large quantities, further exacerbating inflammation. Azelaic acid can block relevant signaling pathways, reduce cytokine production, relieve inflammation from the root cause, and then improve skin redness, pimples and other symptoms in rosacea patients.

Furthermore, azelaic acid helps to regulate the differentiation of keratinocytes. In rosacea patients, abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes may lead to impaired skin barrier function. Azelaic acid can promote normal differentiation of keratinocytes and enhance skin barrier function. This not only prevents the invasion of external irritants, but also reduces the loss of skin moisture and maintains the stability of the skin's internal environment, which plays a key role in the treatment and recovery of rosacea.

In addition, azelaic acid also has antioxidant properties. It neutralizes the excessive free radicals produced in the skin, which can damage skin cells during the inflammation process of rosacea. Azelaic acid protects skin cells from free radical damage through antioxidant action, promotes cell repair and regeneration, and is conducive to the recovery of damaged skin from rosacea.

In summary, azelaic acid has a comprehensive therapeutic effect on rosacea through various mechanisms such as antibacterial, regulation of inflammation, regulation of keratinocyte differentiation, and antioxidant, bringing hope for improving the skin condition of rosacea patients.