Azelaic Acid: Characteristics, Applications, Benefits and Production
Azelaic Acid, also known as azelaic acid, plays an important role in many fields.

Characteristics of Azelaic Acid
Azelaic Acid, its chemical formula is\ (C_ {9} H_ {16} O_ {4}\), which is white to yellowish monoclinic prism, acicular crystal or powder. It is relatively stable at room temperature, with a melting point of about 106.5 ° C and a boiling point of about 306.1 ° C. It is slightly soluble in cold water and easily soluble in hot water, ethanol and ether and other organic solvents.

Applications of diazelaic acid
1. ** Pharmaceutical field **: Azelaic acid is often used in the treatment of skin diseases. It has an inhibitory effect on Propionibacterium acne, which can reduce the free fatty acids and lipid components on the surface of the skin, thereby improving acne vulgaris and reducing the number of acne, papules and pustules. At the same time, for skin pigmentation diseases such as post-inflammatory pigmentation and melasma, azelaic acid can also reduce melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity and play a certain whitening and light spot effect.
2. ** Cosmetics field **: Because of its whitening, acne removal, oil control and other properties, it is widely added to various skin care products. In whitening products, it helps the skin even out the skin tone; in acne skin care products, it helps regulate oil secretion and prevent acne formation. For example, azelaic acid is one of the important ingredients in some creams and serums that focus on oil control and acne removal.
3. ** Industrial field **: Azelaic acid can be used as a raw material for synthesizing polyester resins and polyamide resins. Resins made from it are widely used in paints, adhesives, etc. In paints, it can improve the water resistance and corrosion resistance of paints; in adhesives, it can enhance the bonding strength and flexibility of adhesives.

III. Benefits of azelaic acid
1. ** High safety **: Compared with some other chemicals with similar effects, azelaic acid has relatively few side effects. In pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, the probability of causing adverse reactions such as allergies is low, and it is suitable for most skin types.
2. ** Various effects **: It can not only solve the inflammation problem of the skin, such as treating acne; but also play a whitening effect on pigment problems. At the same time, it can give products a variety of excellent properties in industry and improve product quality.
3. ** Environmentally friendly **: During its production and use, it causes relatively little pollution to the environment. Whether it is in the treatment of pharmaceutical, cosmetic waste, or the degradation of industrial products after use, it shows good environmental friendliness.

4. Production of azelaic acid
1. ** Natural extraction method **: Azelaic acid can be extracted from some natural oils and fats. Some vegetable oils, such as oleic acid, can be obtained after a series of chemical reactions such as ozone oxidation. However, this method has high cost, complex extraction process and limited yield.
2. ** Chemical synthesis method **: Using butadiene as raw material, glutaric acid is generated by carbonylation reaction with carbon monoxide, water, etc. Glutaric acid is then converted into azelaic acid through a series of reactions. This method has high production efficiency and relatively low cost, and is currently the main way of industrial production of azelaic acid. The purity and yield of azelaic acid were improved by optimizing reaction conditions and catalyst.